Consumer Behavior Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behavior Essay Today’s customer is habituated with the sales promotion activities. So without such activities it has become difficult for companies to achieve their target. The term sales promotion refers to many kind of selling incentives and techniques intended to product immediate and short term sales effect typical sales promotion include samples in pack premiums values pack refund and rebates sale promotion can be apply to across to broad range i.e from chewing gum to household and car The other defining characteristics of sale promotion are its short term or immediate. For the present paper the researchers considers the household consumer for their primary survey as the products that they have taken into consider come under the FMCG. Major players of FMCG industry were: Top 20 FMCG Companies in India 1. Hindustan Unilever Ltd. 2. ITC (Indian Tobacco Company) 3. Nestlà © India 4. GCMMF (AMUL) 5. Dabur India Ltd 6. Asian Paints (India) 7. Cadbury India 8. Britannia Industries Ltd. 9. Procter Gamble Hygiene and Health Care 10. Marico Industries Ltd. 11. Colgate-Palmolive (India) Ltd. 12. Gillette India Ltd. 13. Godfrey Phillips 14. Henkel Spic 15. Johnson Johnson 16. Modi Revlon 17. Wipro 18. Nirma Ltd 19. Amul India 20. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd Literature Review The Indian FMCG industry is crowded with numerous national regional and local players. To win the consumer heart and retain the market share the competition amongst the various players. The major companies ruling the Indian market in the category of FMCG items is HUL Amul, Nirma and many more Every day the Indian consumer who watch television and listen to the radio are thrown in front of a huge clutters of TV ads and commercials by these firm with the same intention and common purpose of convincing the customer that products is the best since India is a country where profiles of the also vary significantly with age demography income level etc in order to cater to need And demand of the different customer India many sales promotion schemes are highly successful as the market is the price sensitive as well as highly competitive even difference in few paisa can provoke the customer to switch to different brand the concept of brand loyalty an brand attachment takes a back seat in this s ituation. When the consumer feel that there are getting something extra, but at the same cost, they do not mind switching from one brand to other. However even today there exist a class of customer who still consider quality and brand as the deciding factor but their number is comparatively less majority of consumer in India, till date consider price to be the most important and deciding factors in the purchase of FMCG goods Kumar And Das (2009) in their article â€Å"Impact Of Sales Promotion On Buyer Behavior-An Empirical study Of Indian Retail Customers â€Å"opined that today’s customer can greatly influence the manufacturer of the marketer regarding the size, quality, control of the product, price, post sales service, etc†¦. in the present study the author attempted to find out the impact of sales promotion on consumer buying behavior. Research Gap The study highlights consumer behavior and purchase decisions made during various sale promotion schemes after viewing advertisement and analyzes the effect of various marketing tactics used by different companies. It also investigates area like consistency of sale promotion schemes and availability of schemes along with the products to analyze their impact on the minds of the consumer. The study would prove to be helpful for the company in deciding schemes that attract consumer, their buying patterns, time period of the schemes availability by sale promotion, advertisement and other activity. Research Objectives The objective of the study are: 1) To analyze effect of sale promotion and advertisement on the consumer buying behavior and purchase decision of FMCG product. 2) To analyze relationship between sale promotion and consumer buying behavior. 3) Consumer behavior when they FMCG product. Research Model Hypothesis H0 :- Sale promotion of FMCG Product is not effect on Consumer Buying Behavior. H1 :- Sale promotion of FMCG Product effect on Consumer Buying Behavior. Research Design A research design specifies that method and procedures for conducting a particular study. The researcher should specify the approach be intends to use with respect to the proposed study, broadly research can be grouped in to three categories. 1. Exploratory Research Design 2. Descriptive Research Design 3. Casual Research Design 1.Exploratory Research Design An exploratory research design focuses on the discovery of ideas and is generally based on secondary data. 2. Descriptive Research Design A descriptive study is undertaken when the researcher want to know the characteristics of certain group such as age, sex, income, education level etc. 3. Casual Study A casual researcher is under taken when the researcher is interested knowing a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables. As pre my objective to know effect of Sale promotion on consumer buying behavior there are necessary to know their characteristics so that we make research to select Descriptive Research Design. Source of Data (1) Primary Data:- The primary data are those data which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happened to be original. For this research the primary data are collected. (2) Secondary Data:- The secondary data are those data which have already been collected by someone else and which have already passed through statistical process. Here we consider primary data fop research Research Instrument Research instruments is the tool by which the researcher can do research on specific problems or objective. The most popular research instruments for collections data is Questionnaire for a particular investigation. It is simple for a moiled set of questions presented to respondents for their answers. Due to this flexibility, it is most common instrument used to collect the primary data. During the pre-testing of questionnaire, we seen the reaction of respondents and suggestions required to make change in research instrument. Research instrument is the means by which we can observe the market station. In over project topic is Effect on Sale promotion on consumer buying behavior. So information of consumer buying behavior is taken by preparing the hard print of questioner for the collection primary data. Sampling Plan Sampling frame Sampling size It refers to the question â€Å"How many people should be surveyed?† Sampling Unit It means Who is to be surveyed†. Here target population is decided and it is who are interested to Purchase FMCG Product. Here we take sample unit as an Individual. Sampling Method Method for choosing the representative respondents call for in this stage, i.e., how should the respondents is chosen? The sampling procedure indicates how the sample units are to be selected. We can used Simple Random Sampling Method for survey. Reference Source 1) http://www.businessnewsthisweek.com/2009/11/top-20-fast-moving-consumer-goods-fmcg.html 2) Kumar Vishal And Das Gopal (2009)† Impact Of Sales Promotion On Buyer Behavior-An Empirical study Of Indian Retail Customers â€Å" journal of management vol.3 no.1 pp11-24 3) Indian journal of marketing nov. 2012 vol 4 pp30-3

The Natural Environment and the Human Condition :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

To consider the human condition apart from the natural environment is both foolish and inconceivable. It is in unity with a modern mode of thought that humans are raised to think that they are in some way separated from their natural environment. In developed society the weather has become nothing more than something to discuss with the person standing next to you in the checkout line. Population refers to how many people will be at the movies this weekend. Agriculture is what shows up in the produce section of the grocery store and fire is something you can find on You_Tube and watch on your television screen. Practically nothing directly relates to the environment that we are so intrinsically a part of. Humanity has neglected to develop a consciousness about its position in a world, which includes but is not defined by human society. As far as we know, the beginnings of humanity date back to 3.5 million years ago. Homo erectus (the earliest form of man) was roaming the earth, in Africa, with his hands free enabling him to travel great distances and utilize basic stone tools. The species Homo erectus lived in small, hunter-gatherer groups. Because of constant movement, in search of vegetation and game in addition to a small population, he was unable to leave a lasting impact on the environment. (Ponting) Essentially, he was a very smart ape. (McCrone) Just 100,000 years ago came the development of Homo sapiens whom had a larger brain case and far more advanced hunting techniques, using bolas stones, snarling and trapping. And 30,000 years ago came the development of Homo sapiens sapiens. The bow and arrow was developed along with the needle and thread. Tools and technology were quickly developing and man had the resourcefulness for global spread. The manipulation of fire is regarded as one of mans greatest feats concerning early technology. There is a debate as to when man first intentionally used fire, McCrone argues that Homo erectus was successfully using fire as a tool about 1.5 million years ago. He doesn't think that Homo erectus would have been able to spread its population the way it did without the use of fire which would have facilitated cooking, food preservation and tool making; all of which would have been necessary to migrate great distances. There is evidence of hearths being used in Europe as early as 400,000 years ago, which clearly require controlled use of fire.

Bonnie Parker

Bonnie Parker is a beautiful young woman obviously thirsty for a life more exciting than the one she leads. One dusty morning, she catches Clyde Barrow, handsome ex-convict, looking like he was about to steal her mother’s car. She is a struggling waitress, hungry to make something out of herself while he is a small-time professional criminal from Texas who decides to begin a new career as a bank robber. After a flirtatious banter took place between the two of them, Clyde confesses that he is an armed robber.Bonnie then dares him to commit an armed robbery right then and there, in broad daylight and right smack on main street. Incredibly, he complies. What ensues then is a coming together of two kindred spirits as Bonnie becomes Clyde’s main accomplice in the robbing and killing spree that ensued right after. They slowly form a group, eventually known as the ‘Barrow Gang’ consisting of a gas boy attendant, Clyde’s brother Buck and Buck’s demure wife, Blanche. C. ANALYSIS When one consciously bears in mind the spirit of the time in which Bonnie and Clyde was released, appreciation for this film doubles.It truly was an artistic form of rebellion; a type of rebellion that reflected the progressing times. The sixties was truly a dynamic period that gave a new direction to women’s empowerment. Gledhill articulates the underlying logic of film when she said that, â€Å"melodrama deals with what cannot be said in the available codes of social discourse; it operates in the field of the known and familiar, but also attempts to short-circuit language to allow the ‘beneath’ or ‘behind’— the unthinkable and repressed—to achieve material presence.† The film is actually all about identity and the conflicts that occur when such identity is found outside the bounds of acceptable behavior imposed by society and policed by the state. A testament to the fact that the film cuts across man y issues and opens up new frontiers in terms of film presentation is how cross-cutting its genre is. It can be filed under action-adventure, romance, gangster, crime and drama; it is perhaps more than what was just mentioned. And just like it’s genre, the film cannot be pigeon-holed into one neat category, much like its characters.While both Bonnie and Clyde cut interesting personalities, one cannot be discussed without the other. In terms of female empowerment, Bonnie does present an interesting role model. A murderous thief if rarely seen as good idol material; however, if one looks past the fact that her choice of ‘career’ is immoral by any standard, she is brave enough to break the mold of women’s role at the time. Scene after scene, she rubs her nose against the norms that society dictates for women. â€Å"Ever since the 1960s, the women’s movement has been concerned with media portrayal of women.Major studies of the most pervasive medium, tel evision, and particularly its commercials revealed the same subordination of women we saw in film. In commercials, most voice-overs were done by men and overall, men were featured more often than women. The women who were featured were limited to family roles. Women were shown doing housework and men were the beneficiaries of their work. On the other hand, men were employed, had careers, and were doing something outside the home. † This portrayal of women in the film is quite apparent and much more recognizable given the fact the Clyde was made less ‘manly’.It is indeed quite interesting how the writers and director presented the film: the female is a strong character that displayed very ‘male’ characteristics (albeit in a very sexy way) while Clyde’s masculinity is put on a chopping block with his sexual impotence. Whether or not this sexual incapability is accurate in terms of the real Clyde Barrow is irrelevant. What is significant here is t he importance found by the filmmakers in making Clyde less ‘masculine’ or atleast what society perceives as masculine.Initially, the director suggested that Clyde’s character be homosexual but when Warren Beatty refused to play a homosexual man, they decided that impotence would give the same ‘castrating’ effect to Clyde Barrow; an effect that inevitably led to the ‘masculinization’ of Bonnie Parker. This ‘castration’ of the main male character furthered strengthened Bonnie’s character. Furthermore, the other male characters are either dimwitted (C. W. Moss) or simpleminded and ignorant (Buck Barrow). It was as if the creation of the other male characters had for a goal to make Bonnie—and in consequence, women—look better and appear smarter.At this juncture, it would be quite interesting to ask oneself if Bonnie truly is a picture of female empowerment or is she merely a case of making a woman more male? Bonnie’s character finds its anti-thesis in Blanche (Buck’s wife). Blanche is the stereotypical female of the sixties. She is demure, conservative and relies on her husband for everything. Buck’s chauvinistic comment—It’s the face powder that gets a man interested; it’s the bacon powder that keeps a man at home—paints only two roles for women: as housekeepers and as sexual objects.Bonnie breaks this mold and carves another role for herself—a partner. In many ways, Bonnie represents what women can be if only they dared and Blanche represents what they are. â€Å"This dual recognition—how things are and how they are not—gives popular culture much of its strength, suggesting the way it may be drawn to occupy gaps in political, ideological and cultural systems and how the subordinated may find a negotiable space in which certain contradictions and repressed desires are rehearsed.† According to Arthur Penn, the film’s director, â€Å"Violence is one of the most powerful themes in Bonnie and Clyde. The central point is that crime and violence are interrelated; that one can not exist without the other (†¦) Once the match of violence is lit, it has no choice but to burn until all flammable ends have been destroyed. † This use of violence as a central concept in the film led to change in the film industry as a whole. Bonnie and Clyde are not depicted as the usual murderers.They are charming, beautiful and for all intents and purposes, are of a refined manner and as the tag line goes: they are in love; definitely not the usual criminal sort. However, the film is interesting in its depiction of a criminal life as the audience finds it increasingly difficult not to sympathize or root for the ‘bad guys. ’ Even though the odds are against it, we the audience, find ourselves wishing that the couple will make it out alive and perhaps grow old together and leave the li fe of crime behind for an idyllic setting.But even Bonnie’s poem foreshadows their eventual fate. Someday they’ll go down together; they’ll bury them side by side; to few it’ll be grief; to the law a relief’ but it’s death for Bonnie and Clyde. Here the film gives us the moral of the story that if one lives by the sword, one dies by the sword. The attempt of the film to ‘subjectify’ the criminal life was definitely successful and the message is clear: not everything is black or white and good or bad.The audience is left with the feeling that although the actions of Bonnie and Clyde cannot be condoned by any moral person, we can sympathize with their situation. This is indeed a powerful effect considering the murders and the thievery that occurred in the film. On the negative side, the film probably opened up a tradition of cinematic endeavors to treat murder and crime in a casual and non-chalant way. The criminals in this film a re portrayed in such a manner that makes them icons and idols of sorts—which is actually twisted in a way.The iconography of the film, as examined by Mary Elizabeth Strunk in the American Studies Journal explains that. â€Å"Yes, Bonnie and Clyde commit reckless acts of violence, but they look so good doing it. Against the film’s stagy Depression-era backdrop, the couple becomes the embodiment of youth, romance, and yearning. By contrast, their victims barely register, save as faded cardboard cutouts lacking names or narrative. The camera affirms Bonnie and Clyde as the only living things on an otherwise inert and colorless landscape. †Violence is not only the central theme of the movie but is also the anchor in which the personalities and characters of Bonnie and Clyde are based. The issues relating to identity are also underlying themes for this film. For Bonnie, she knows that she is cut from a different cloth altogether and would like to be remembered for be ing different. Clyde, on the other hand, grappling with his inner demons (mostly, brought on by lack of sexual potency), thirsts to be remembered by many. For him, it does not seem to matter what he is remembered for, just as long as he is remembered.If one were to psycho-analyze this film, one might even say that it could have been Clyde’s sexual malfunction that led him to a life of crime with the gun serving as a substitute for sex. This misplaced pride they both have in being recognized is clearly seen as they proudly read to each other what the newspapers have wrote about them—even if it is merely a catalogue of the crimes they have done or thought to have done. Works Cited Internet Movie Database. Bonnie and Clyde. Retrieved on May 11, 2008 from http://www.imdb. com/title/tt0061418/ Gledhill, C. (1986). Dialogue on Stella Dallas and Feminist Film Theory. Cinema Journal 25, No. 4 BOOKRAGS STAFF. â€Å"Bonnie and Clyde: Themes†. 2000. May 12 2008. http://www . bookrags. com/films/bonnieandclyde1967/themes. html> Strunk, M. E. (2007). Bonnie and Clyde’s Other Side. American Studies Journal No. 50. Retrieved on 12 May 2008 from http://asjournal. zusas. uni-halle. de/85. html FLIPOUT E-ZINE. Women In Film. Retrieved 12 May 2008 from http://www. geocities. com/albanystudent/wif. html

Pro Imperialism - 791 Words

Pro Imperialism First of all, history is survival of the fittest. Basically history of mankind is of stronger people subduing weaker people. We must annex territory otherwise it is in jeopardy of Spanish colonial rule. If we do not annex foreign land someone else will. Cuba is our neighbor. It is a stone’s throw away from the State of Florida. Is it right to ignore the plight of the people of Cuba? They have been fighting for their freedom and independence almost continuously since 1878. The Spanish Empire has committed many unspeakable acts on this island since the fighting began. The Spanish Empire is mistreating our neighbors in Cuba. It is well within our Monroe Doctrine tradition to ask that Spain give up the control of Cuba†¦show more content†¦Now, we’re involved in a possible conflict with Spain. It is possible that we might engage in an epic naval battle with the Spanish fleet in the Philippines. Hawaiian Islands provide us with the perfect coal station for ou r Navy and supply ships on the way to the Philippines. It is in America’s best interest to annex Hawaii as soon as possible. If we do not act quickly, the British might annex Hawaii. There’s no time to waste. The Filipinos have been fighting against the Spanish rule for some time now. Are we going to help them achieve their independence from Spanish rule? If we deem that they’d be better of being independent, we will assist them. But, if we deem that they’d benefit from being annexed, we might go ahead and add the Philippines to our oversea possessions. Like with the Hawaiians, the Filipinos will benefit from the Christianization of their islands. With the influx of American values, cultures, and language, we will be doing any country annexed a favor by allowing them into our nations cultural and economic prosperity. Anti-Imperialism America must not be looking for monsters to slay in the world. 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