Freud Essays (4422 words) - Freudian Psychology, Dora, Sigmund Freud

Freud Sigmund Freud was the first of six children to be born into his middle class, Jewish family. His father was a wool merchant, and was the provider for the family. From the time Freud was a child, he pondered theories in math, science, and philosophy, but in his teens, he took a deep interest in what he later called psychoanalysis. He wanted to discover how a person's mind works, so he began to explore the conscious and unconscious parts of one's psyche. Freud's parents and siblings were directly involved in allowing him to pursue this unexplored area of psychology. He was given his own room so that he could study his books in silence, and was only disturbed when it was time to eat. Freud eventually married Martha Bernays. She was cooperative and completely subservient to her husband. She was simply filling a role that the society during that time insisted was proper for all women. Freud himself derived his attitudes toward women and his beliefs about the roles of individual sexes from personal experiences in the strict culture of the time. In the middle to late eighteen hundreds, Central European society distinguished clearly between the roles of men and women. Cultural norms dictated that men be responsible for work outside of the home, and the financial well being of the family, while the women's responsibilities were in the home and with the children. With these specific gender roles came the assumption of male dominance and female submission. Females were pictured as serene, calm, creatures that were lucky to have the love and protection of their superior husbands. It is in this form of the family where most children first learn the meaning and practice of hierarchical, authoritarian rule. Here is where they learn to accept group oppression against themselves as non-adults, and where they learn to accept male supremacy and the group oppression of women. Here is where they learn that it is the male's role to work in the community and control the economic life of the family and to mete out the physical and financial punishments and rewards, and the female's role to provide the emotional warmth associated with motherhood while under the economic rule of the male. Here is where the relationship of superordination-subordination, or superior-inferior, or master-slave is first learned and accepted as "natural." -John Hodge: Feminist Theory P.36 Philosophical definitions of women, written about by male philosophers, share warped views that were the result of the cultural times and places from which they originated. The view that women are somewhat "less" than men in many respects, began with the philosophies of Aristotle in the fourth century BC. Since Aristotle was one of the most influential philosophers of ancient Greece, he had a widespread impact on the thinking of many people. Christian theologians in ancient Europe rediscovered his theories. Aristotle believed that a woman's part in conception was to supply the container in which the seed, planted by the male, grows. Aristotle said, "We should look on the female as being as it were a deformity, though one which occurs in the ordinary course of nature." Although we know now that Aristotle was mistaken in his biological interpretation of the female gender, his philosophies had a long-term impact on the perception of women from a non-biological perspective. A few philosophers, such as Plato (427-347 BC), Condorcet (1743-1794), and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) had opinions that opposed Aristotle and inherently supported women's rights, but females are still struggling to prove to the opposite sex that we are not "defective men." In fact, women were seen as inferior since the time of Aristotle and throughout Freud's lifetime because they did not have penises. It seems that it could also be argued that men lack the clitoris and instead have an elongated and inefficient organ of a similar kind. These two points depend, of course, on point of view, but the ancient philosophers did obviously not take the female point of view into consideration. A vast amount of Aristotelian views are present in Freud's beliefs. The biological "reasons" given by the ancient philosophers for specific social roles are somewhat incomplete. It seemed fairly logical for women to have the natural role of caring for children because she gives birth to them, but there was no biological explanation for the assumptions that women were less important as human beings, of lesser worth, naturally passive, or should be ruled by men. Simply because women give birth to babies, it has somehow been assumed that we are confined to roles as mothers

How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay Example

How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay Example How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay Essay Topic: History Source I is a cartoon image from the time of Prohibition. It is illustrating the artists opinion, which is that America (Chicago) was corrupt. The hand gestures from different people including a clerk, a city official, a magistrate, a politician, a policeman, and a Prohibition agent are to show that many different levels of Americas people were relying on gangster payroles. Source J quotes a policeman who is also talking about Americas corruption, when he says that his superior officers were also, as well as himself, involved in the acceptance of bribes. One of the people shown to be ready to accept bribes in Source I is a policeman, and Source J is a policeman who talks about accepting bribes. In this way, Source I is agreeing with Source J; but this is not proof that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth as it is a matter of opinion and not fact. It is important to note the fact that the policeman in Source J is obviously not the most reliable of people, as he is in the wrong, according to what he says, and so he is likely to be lying in order to defend himself. Source A can be used to back up the idea that the police were reluctant to enforce Prohibition to their full ability: No earlier law produced such widespread crime. If the police had been enforcing Prohibition properly (and perhaps not choosing to ignore some drinkers as they sympathised with them, as undoubtedly some of the police drank alcohol themselves), then there wouldnt have been such a crime problem. Source I is likely to be strongly exaggerated as it is propaganda which sends out the message that everyone was corrupt. It was very unlikely that everyone was corrupt. However, it must contain elements of truth, otherwise people wouldnt have been able to relate to it. Source I is titled The National Gesture, which means that everybody was accepting bribes, but this was not necessarily true. The level of corruption is shown to be very strong, and the message is that Prohibition was failing. Source B is in agreement with this, where is says there were more than 30, 000 speakeasies in New York. Speakeasies were illegal places to drink, and so this is agreeing with Source Is message that Prohibition was failing. One way in which Source I is in disagreement with Source J is that Source I shows the policeman to be ready and waiting for a bribe to come along, whereas the policeman in Source J is saying that although he was given a bribe, he didnt ask for it and it was forced on him. However, this could be interpreted differently. The policeman in Source J may well be lying, and he may have really accepted the bribe and not been forced into having it. If so, then Source I could actually be backing this up and saying that the police accepted bribes, but only behind their backs in secret because they dont want anybody to know if this is true, like the policeman in Source J. In conclusion, Source I can only agree with Source J, it cannot actually prove that the policeman is telling the truth as it is only a cartoon and does not give proof of anything it is not statistics, photographic evidence or a witness account. It is also a fact that one source can never actually prove another to be true.

Mock solution satire on the war on terror Essay

Mock solution satire on the war on terror - Essay Example So what do we do to fight the war on terror? For sure we cannot exorcise it away and just when we thought that by killing Osama Bin Laden will also kill the problem away, lo and behold, we got another bang in Boston. So killing to end killing obviously did not work and we are still wondering what will end terror. I have a solution. Its simpler, effective and does not involve killing. How about America sharing its fun with the radicals? I believe this will work because it addresses the common factor that is present among terrorists – that is being lonely or not having fun and not necessarily the stereotype that they have to come from Middle East. That was proven with the latest terror attack in Boston where the bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev had been complaining that he did not understand Americans and became lonely despite being an American Green Card Holder. Its the lack of fun that drives people nuts to become radicals and terrorize people. Remember when you are still a kid? Fo yo u remember how much you envied to the point of spite that friend of yours who had the latest bling or been considered as cool to have the attention of everybody while you were empty handed and ignored? Folks, in societies version, America is that friend who has all the fun and all the blings and coolest kid in town and she does not want to share it. So the envious neighbor thougth that since what America have cannot be had and they are hopeless in their miserable lot, they might as well inflict misery on the coolest kid on the town to keep them company. Their clerics made it easier by providing incentives of giving them seven virgins in that place yonder which in no way they could ever have in this lifetime. Call it gullible, but when you are in slum, barely eat three times a day and uneducated without any clear prospect of the future, the prize of a virgin is more than enough for a motivation. These explain why jihadist will never run out of supply and in fact the line is long for those who are itching to have their share of virgins. Boy, I wonder if heaven has a factory of virgins considering the number of people who cannot wait for their share. We can kill and kill but the number of those who are willing to die for seven virgins are just overwheliming. I think America should do a propaganda work that all virgins in heavens are already taken to remove the incentive of the extremists. Fighting terror with sophisticated arms and infantry is a band aid approach because the real cause is not addressed. We should ceased to be that selfish kid on the block who has all the fun and all the toys. As a solution, why not share the fun with the rest of the world especially in those areas where extremist resides? When everybody is partying and having fun on this planet in this lifetime then the prospect of seven virgins in heaven will eventually lose its appeal because there is no longer an incentive to be exremist. Fun is already guranteed and happening here, so why wai t to die to have your turn for fun? For all you know, heaven might have run out of virgins considering the huge number of those who already killed themselves for virgins. The trouble with the world is that there are just a lot of lonely men out there. Terror is just a projection, a sort of outlet of the root cause of the problem which is really utter lack of fun. If only we will export